Prize winning author Ron Chernow (previously, “Washington, a Life”, “Hamilton”) turned out an exhaustive, meticulously researched, and splendidly written biography on Ulysses S. Grant in “Grant.”
While absorbing intimate details of Grant’s courageous and bold leadership as 6th Commanding General of the U.S. Army in the Civil War, with critical victories at Shiloh (southwestern Tennessee) and Vicksburg (Mississippi), readers soon learn Grant’s greatest battle was with a bottle of whiskey.
The Ohio native was never cavalier about falling prey to the bottle when Abraham Lincoln and members of his unit needed him most; in fact, he felt horrible and ashamed when found in a drunken state. He did his best to stay sober during important thrusts against the Confederacy, but despite his weakness to alcohol, Lincoln never relieved him of his command, knowing Grant was one of his most valued generals. But Lincoln did place a chaperon to watch over his prized general, to make sure he didn’t fall victim to his wayward ways.
By the time Grant became the 18th U.S. President, through sheer determination will power, and under the watchful eye of his beloved wife, Julia, he licked his lust for the bottle.
Grant actually assumed the Presidency at a critical time during the nation’s history, during Reconstruction, when African Americans gained freedom to vote and hold public office under the protection of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments.
Grant additionally threw his support to the Jewish community, and as much as much as the law would allow, to Native Americans who were being stripped of their land.
President Grant proudly signed the nation’s first Civil Rights Bill into law on March 1, 1875, only to see it struck down as unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1881, forcing black inhabitants of the South to be governed under Jim Crow laws, which enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States through 1965.
Though Reconstruction in the Confederate South turned out to be a failure, with white southern whites and members of the Ku Klux Klan, among other hateful groups, killing blacks, burning churches, intimating them at the voting polls, Grant did his best to send in federal troops to protect the black population.
Readers may be fascinated to learn though the Grant administration was riddled with scandals and corruption, it was because Grant was too trusting of friends.
After leaving office, his trust in a business partner, who turned out to be a charlatan, left the former president and U.S. general penniless and to endure the humiliation of having his house foreclosed on.
He would have died a pauper had not been for American writer and humorist, Mark Twain, convincing him to write his memoirs (through his publishing house), even while dying of cancer. His grand total of royalties for his memoirs came to $450,00, a tidy sum in the 19th century. Even today, many considered Grant’s 336,000 word memoirs one of the best ever written by a U.S. president.
It wasn’t until after Grant died (1885), did Mark Twain kick himself for not making the highly decorated general devote some chapters to winning the greatest battle of his life: his battle with alcoholism.
--Bill Lucey
December 29, 2017